The exhaust emission pollutants of diesel engines include particulate matters (PM), smoke, oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and other harmful compounds. Ethanol diesel blend (e-diesel) is a clean-burning alternative to regular diesel fuel. The easiest method by which ethanol can be used is in the form of solutions, but ethanol has limited solubility in diesel. The problem of limited solubility has been overcome by emulsions. In this paper, with the use of environmentally friendly additives, the preparation of stable and clear nanoemulsions is investigated. The comparison of engine performance of ethanol-diesel emulsions and standard diesel in OM314 engine showed a reduction of 7.5% and 17.2% in power and smoke respectively. The use of ethanol-diesel fuels had no detrimental effect on the fuel system and engine components of OM314 engine.

This article investigates the effect of using three nanofluids as exhaust gas cooling fluid in an EGR cooler. Reducing the exhaust temperature of diesel engines can reduce environmental and thermal pollutants. In a conventional 3-liter engine in all kinds of vehicles, 20 to 40 kW of its 115 kW power is being wasted. The engine shell temperature rises to 600 degrees Celsius.  Exhaust gas recirculation can recover a part of it. Exhaust gas recirculation can recover thermal energy by exhaust gas recirculation method by charging a thermal energy storage tank to feed a diesel engine in cold start.Many researchers have simulated natural convection in the nanofluids. The innovation of the current research is the use of 61 tubes inside the small heat exchanger that is cooled by the discussed nanofluids in the exhaust gas recirculation system of the diesel engine that works with the paraffin phase changer and the exhaust gas recirculation rate is 60% to Reduce of environmental pollution and smoother operation of diesel engine. The inlet is steady state turbulent. The thickness of the inner tubes is considered close to zero. The shell is adiabatic. Both of them exit the heat exchanger under pressure. Three nanoparticles of diamond, silicon dioxide, and copper are considered. This numerical simulation has solved the continuity equations, energy, Navier-Stokes, the pressure drop along the pipe, flow, and rotation equation, kinetic energy disturbance, and energy loss rate equation. The results showed a higher pressure drop for the silicon dioxide-ethylene glycol nanofluid. Silicon dioxide-ethylene glycol nanofluid has a higher Nusselt number, slightly different from other nanofluids. Also, Copper ethylene glycol has a lower Velocity among nanofluids

In order to comply with stringent pollutant emissions regulations, a detailed analysis of the engine combustion and emission is required. In this field, computational tools like CFD and engine cycle simulation play a fundamental role. Therefore, the goal of the present work is to simulate a high speed DI diesel engine and study the combustion and major diesel engine emissions with more details, by using the AVL-FIRE commercial CFD code. The predicted values of the in cylinder pressure, heat release rate, emissions, spray penetration and in-cylinder isothermal contour plots by this code are compared with the corresponding experimental data in the literature and is derived good agreement. This agreement makes the model a reliable tool that can use for exploring new engine concepts.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the technology dimensions and identify the problems of technology transfer in diesel manufacturing industries in order to achieve possible solutions.The survey method is applied descriptive. Field and library studies have been used for data collection. The data have been analyzed through the use of SPSS software and by applying T-test and Kruskal-Wallis test.The results show that the hypotheses about hardware, info ware and human ware have been confirmed, but the variable of organ ware hasn't been confirmed. Moreover, a meaningful relationship hasn't been approved between experience, education and age variables with the replier's viewpoint.

The cylinder working fluid mean temperature, rate of heat fluxes to combustion chamber and temperature distribution on combustion chamber surface will be calculated in this research. By simulating thermodynamic cycle of engine, temperature distribution of combustion chamber will be calculated by the Crank-Nicolson method. An implicit finite difference method was used in this code.Special treatments for piston movement and a grid transformation for describing the realistic piston bowl shape were designed and utilized. The results were compared with a finite element method and were verified to be accurate for simplified test problems. In addition, the method was applied to realistic problems of heat transfer in an Isuzu Diesel engine, and gave good agreement with available experimental.

The aim of this study was to accurately quantify the emission characteristics of pollutants at different altitudes. We used an intake and exhaust altitude simulation system that could simulate the intake and exhaust pressures of a national sixth vehicle diesel engine at different altitudes. Experimental research was conducted on the World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC) and World Harmonized Steady State Cycle (WHSC) of the diesel engine. The results showed that carbon monoxide (CO) emissions increased with the altitude at full load, but their rates were significantly reduced at low speed (800 rpm), increasing by 0. 0084–0. 665 ppm/m. Hydrocarbon (HC) emissions showed an initial decreasing and then increasing trend, with a rise of up to 30%. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) showed a linear decreasing trend, especially at low speed. With the increase in altitude, the cycle work of the diesel engine decreased in a non-linear manner, and the decrease became more pronounced above 3000 m. The raw emission results of the WHTC and WHSC tests also revealed that CO increased exponentially, NOx decreased slightly and then increased rapidly, HC increased linearly, and the emissions of all pollutants deteriorated significantly above 3000 m. The exhaust emission results of the WHTC and WHSC tests showed that the CO emission showed an initial decreasing and then increasing trend with the elevation of the altitude, approximately 15 ± 5 mg/kWh. HC emissions showed an increasing trend, with HC emissions of 3 – 6 mg/kWh for the WHTC and 1 – 2 mg/kWh for the WHSC. NOx emissions did not follow any obvious rule, while the particulate matter (PM) tended to increase and then decrease with the elevation of the altitude. In relation to the current emission standards, the limit value margin for CO and HC exhaust emissions is greater than 95% and the limit value margin for PM emissions is greater than 88% at an altitude of 4000 m. The NOx emission limit is greater than 87% (within 3000 m), but there is a risk of exceeding the limit above 3000 m. The second sampling data from the WHTC and WHSC showed that the raw emissions of the engine were higher in the high-altitude area than in the low-altitude area, but the change law of the exhaust emissions was not obvious, and the levels of both emissions were low.

Because of environmental problems, it becomes necessary to develop alternative fuels that give engine performance at par with diesel. Among the alternative fuels, biodiesel and its blends hold good promises as an eco-friendly and the most promising alternative fuel for Diesel engine. The properties of biodiesel and its blends are found similar to that of diesel. Many researchers have experimentally evaluated the performance characteristics of conventional Diesel engines fueled by biodiesel and its blends. However, experiments require enormous effort, money and time. Hence, via finite-time thermodynamics simulation, an air-standard Diesel cycle model with heat transfer loss and variable specific heats of working fluid is analyzed to predict the performance of Diesel engine. The effect of compression ratio, cut-off ratio and fuel type on output work and thermal efficiency is investigated through the model. The fuels considered for the analysis are conventional diesel, rapeseed oil biodiesel and its blend (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel by volume). Numerical simulations showed that the output work and thermal efficiency of the engine decrease with increase of cut-off ratio for all fuels. Also, the model predicts similar performance with diesel and biodiesel blend which means that the biodiesel blend (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel by volume) could be a good alternative and eco-friendly fuel for conventional Diesel engines without any need to modify the engine.

This study aimed to develop an electronic fuel injection system for utilizing ethanol as a fumigant in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled diesel engine. The engine's emissions and performance were evaluated through experiments to determine the impact of ethanol fumigation. The main objective was to identify the optimal amount of ethanol that could reduce emissions while enhancing performance using a simple fumigation process. The tests were conducted at constant engine speeds and loads, with diesel fuel and ethanol flow rates ranging from 0.2737 to 0.958 kg/hr. The findings indicated that the most effective percentage of ethanol was 0.8767, resulting in the best outcomes. Additionally, the emissions of CO, HC, and NOx remained constant after reaching 21.69% thermal efficiency, indicating the optimal level of fumigation. To better understand the engine behavior observed, the theoretical aspects of diesel engine combustion were combined with the distinct physical and chemical properties of ethanol compared to those of diesel fuel.

Emissions from diesel engines, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide and particulate matter (PM) impose a major threat to the environment and human health. As for the reduction of NOx emission though, the widely used technique is to return a portion of the exhaust gases to the intake of the engine after cooling them in a heat exchanger known as exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooler.However, EGR coolers are prone to severe fouling dominantly due to deposition of particulate matter, i.e. soot on heat transfer surfaces that result in profound deterioration of thermal efficiency. In this study, deposition and removal mechanisms of particulate matter are investigated. Also a one-dimensional model is developed which predicts the behavior of particulate fouling in EGR coolers taking into account the underlying deposition and removal mechanisms and energy equations associated with the particle mass conservation. The theoretical results are then compared with those of experiments of which the agreement between them shows the validity of the proposed model.

A hybrid nano catalyst based on multiwall carbon nanotube was synthesized and added to diesel fuel to improve NOx, CO, uncombustioned hydrocarbons (HC), and soot emissions as well as diesel engine performance including power, torque, and fuel consumption. The applied nanostructure includes the hybrid of cerium oxide and carbon nanotubes of 7-10 nm size, functionalized by an amide group to homogenize the catalyst and fuel mixture. The nano catalyst was added to the die- sel fuel at concentrations of 30,60, and 90 ppm respectively, and the performance and emissions tests were carried out using OM355 EU2 diesel engine (Idem Co. Iran, under the license of German Mercedes Benz Co.). The nano sized catalyst, and hence the high contact area of the catalyst-fuel, the proper distribution of the catalyst in the fuel, and the occurrence of catalyst oxidation reaction will result in the enhancement of combustion reaction and decreasing the amount of emit- ted component including NOx (max 17.84%), CO (max 12.7), HC (max 30.77%), and soot (max 20.63%); also, the performance, including a maximum increase of 3.77% and 1.44% respectively in the produced power and torque and a maximum decrease of 4.74% in bsfc, was improved.